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                            <b>1.</b>
                        
                        视图及路由
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                        Flask简介
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                            <b>1.2.</b>
                        
                        虚拟环境
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                            <b>1.3.</b>
                        
                        HelloWorld
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                            <b>1.4.</b>
                        
                        相关配置参数
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                            <b>1.5.</b>
                        
                        路由基本定义
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                            <b>1.6.</b>
                        
                        视图常用逻辑
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                            <b>1.7.</b>
                        
                        正则匹配路由
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                            <b>1.8.</b>
                        
                        异常捕获
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                            <b>1.9.</b>
                        
                        请求勾子
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                            <b>1.10.</b>
                        
                        装饰器路由具体实现
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                            <b>1.11.</b>
                        
                        获取请求参数
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                            <b>1.12.</b>
                        
                        状态保持
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                            <b>1.12.1.</b>
                        
                        Cookie
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                            <b>1.12.2.</b>
                        
                        Session
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                            <b>1.13.</b>
                        
                        上下文
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                            <b>1.14.</b>
                        
                        Flask-Script
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                            <b>2.</b>
                        
                        模板
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                            <b>2.1.</b>
                        
                        Jinja2简介
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                            <b>2.2.</b>
                        
                        模板的使用
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                            <b>2.3.</b>
                        
                        过滤器
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                            <b>2.4.</b>
                        
                        自定义过滤器
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                            <b>2.5.</b>
                        
                        控制代码块
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                            <b>2.6.</b>
                        
                        模板代码复用
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                            <b>2.6.1.</b>
                        
                        宏
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                            <b>2.6.2.</b>
                        
                        继承
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                            <b>2.6.3.</b>
                        
                        包含
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                            <b>2.7.</b>
                        
                        特有变量和函数
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                            <b>2.8.</b>
                        
                        Flask-WTF表单
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                            <b>2.9.</b>
                        
                        CSRF
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                            <b>3.</b>
                        
                        数据库
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                            <b>3.1.</b>
                        
                        ORM
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                            <b>3.2.</b>
                        
                        Flask-SQLAlchemy安装及配置
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                            <b>3.3.</b>
                        
                        数据库的基本操作
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                            <b>3.4.</b>
                        
                        综合案例-图书管理
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                            <b>3.4.1.</b>
                        
                        定义模型
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                            <b>3.4.2.</b>
                        
                        数据库表创建&amp;测试数据添加
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                    <a href="../shu-ju-ku/zong-he-an-4f8b-tu-shu-guan-li/shu-ju-xian-793a26-biao-dan-tian-jia.html">
                
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                            <b>3.4.3.</b>
                        
                        数据显示&amp;表单添加
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                            <b>3.4.4.</b>
                        
                        表单验证
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                            <b>3.4.5.</b>
                        
                        删除数据
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                            <b>3.5.</b>
                        
                        多对多演练
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                            <b>3.6.</b>
                        
                        数据库迁移
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                            <b>3.7.</b>
                        
                        信号机制
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                            <b>3.8.</b>
                        
                        常见关系模板代码
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                            <b>4.</b>
                        
                        蓝图&amp;单元测试
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                            <b>4.1.</b>
                        
                        蓝图
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                            <b>4.2.</b>
                        
                        单元测试
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                        <h1 id="&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x53C2;&#x6570;">&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x53C2;&#x6570;</h1>
<p>&#x5728;&#x4E0A;&#x4E00;&#x8282;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6700;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684; Flask &#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E86;7&#x884C;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF0C;&#x63A5;&#x6765;&#x5BF9; Flask &#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x505A;&#x8FDB;&#x4E00;&#x6B65;&#x7684;&#x4E86;&#x89E3;&#xFF0C;&#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x6709;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>Flask &#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x53C2;&#x6570;</li>
<li>Flask &#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;</li>
<li>app.run() &#x53C2;&#x6570;</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x53C2;&#x6570;">&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x53C2;&#x6570;</h2>
<p>Flask &#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x5728;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x4F20;&#x5165;&#x5F53;&#x524D; Flask &#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x6240;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x5305;(&#x6A21;&#x5757;)&#xFF0C;&#x63A5;&#x4E0B;&#x6765;&#x5C31;&#x6765;&#x8BE6;&#x7EC6;&#x67E5;&#x770B;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B; Flask &#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5728;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5173;&#x6CE8;&#x7684;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><img src="../assets/&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x53C2;&#x6570;.png" alt=""></p>
<ul>
<li>import_name<ul>
<li>Flask&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x6240;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x5305;(&#x6A21;&#x5757;)&#xFF0C;&#x4F20; <code>__name__</code> &#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;</li>
<li>&#x5176;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x51B3;&#x5B9A; Flask &#x5728;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x9759;&#x6001;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x65F6;&#x67E5;&#x627E;&#x7684;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>static_path<ul>
<li>&#x9759;&#x6001;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;(&#x4E0D;&#x63A8;&#x8350;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; static_url_path &#x4EE3;&#x66FF;)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>static_url_path<ul>
<li>&#x9759;&#x6001;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0D;&#x4F20;&#xFF0C;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x4E3A;&#xFF1A;<code>/ + static_folder</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>static_folder<ul>
<li>&#x9759;&#x6001;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5939;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0D;&#x4F20;&#xFF0C;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x4E3A; <code>static</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>template_folder<ul>
<li>&#x6A21;&#x677F;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5939;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0D;&#x4F20;&#xFF0C;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x4E3A; <code>templates</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;">&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;</h2>
<p>&#x5728; Flask &#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7ED9; Flask &#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#xFF1A;&#x914D;&#x7F6E; Debug &#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x7B49;&#x7B49;&#xFF0C;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E; Flask &#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6709;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x4E09;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>&#x4ECE;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4E2D;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;(&#x5E38;&#x7528;)<ul>
<li>app.config.form_object()</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>&#x4ECE;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;<ul>
<li>app.config.form_pyfile()</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>&#x4ECE;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x4E2D;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;(&#x4E86;&#x89E3;)<ul>
<li>app.config.from_envvar()</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x6F14;&#x7EC3;&#x4EE5;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684; DEBUG(&#x8C03;&#x8BD5;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;) &#x4E3A;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4E3A;&#x8C03;&#x5F0F;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x8FD9;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ol>
<li>&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x540E;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x91CD;&#x542F;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;</li>
<li>&#x5728;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x5C06;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x629B;&#x51FA;&#x5230;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x53F0;&#x6253;&#x5370;</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;">&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;</h3>
<h4 id="&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;">&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;</h4>
<ul>
<li>&#x4ECE;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4E2D;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#xFF0C;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="lang-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># &#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#xFF0C;&#x91CC;&#x9762;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7ED9; APP &#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x7CFB;&#x5217;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;</span>
<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Config</span><span class="hljs-params">(object)</span>:</span>
    DEBUG = <span class="hljs-keyword">True</span>


<span class="hljs-comment"># &#x521B;&#x5EFA; Flask &#x7C7B;&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;,&#x6307;&#x5411;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x6240;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x79F0;</span>
app = Flask(__name__)

<span class="hljs-comment"># &#x4ECE;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4E2D;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;</span>
app.config.from_object(Config)
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#xFF0C;&#x4F1A;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x91CD;&#x542F;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;">&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</h4>
<ul>
<li>&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6; <code>config.ini</code>&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="../assets/&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;.png" alt=""></p>
<ul>
<li>&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x53BB;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="lang-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># &#x521B;&#x5EFA; Flask &#x7C7B;&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;,&#x6307;&#x5411;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x6240;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x79F0;</span>
app = Flask(__name__)

<span class="hljs-comment"># &#x4ECE;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;</span>
app.config.from_pyfile(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;config.ini&apos;</span>)
</code></pre>
<h4 id="&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x4E86;&#x89E3;">&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;(&#x4E86;&#x89E3;)</h4>
<ul>
<li>&#x7F16;&#x8F91;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="../assets/&#x7F16;&#x8F91;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;.png" alt=""></p>
<p><img src="../assets/&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;.png" alt=""></p>
<ul>
<li>&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x53BB;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="lang-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># &#x521B;&#x5EFA; Flask &#x7C7B;&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;,&#x6307;&#x5411;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x6240;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x79F0;</span>
app = Flask(__name__)
<span class="hljs-comment"># &#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x540D;&#x79F0;&#x6240;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;</span>
app.config.from_envvar(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;FLASKCONFIG&apos;</span>)
</code></pre>
<h3 id="&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;">&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;</h3>
<ul>
<li>app.config.get()</li>
<li>&#x5728;&#x89C6;&#x56FE;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; current_app.config.get()</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>&#x6CE8;&#xFF1A;Flask &#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5C06;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x5E38;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x6210;&#x4E86;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;/&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x67D0;&#x4E9B;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#xFF1A;app.debug = True</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="apprun&#x7684;&#x53C2;&#x6570;">app.run&#x7684;&#x53C2;&#x6570;</h2>
<ul>
<li>&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;IP&#x5730;&#x5740;&#xFF0C;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x5F00;&#x542F;&#x8C03;&#x8BD5;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="lang-python">
app.run(host=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;0.0.0.0&quot;</span>, port=<span class="hljs-number">5000</span>, debug = <span class="hljs-keyword">True</span>)
</code></pre>

                    
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